BEYONDISM BACKUP #6
Relevant (or somehow) Therapeutic Theories as bounteously based on ROBUST RESEARCH
We ONLY use this BQ#6 as a REFERENCE POINT to shed more light on HUMAN NATURE.
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AMOROUS ASSIMILATION #1:
Let every free human being look to his or her bond (self-interest) without threat, intimidation or blackmail.
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“When in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bonds which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth the separate and equal station to which the laws of nature and of Nature’s God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.”
- U.S. president Thomas Jefferson (1743 - 1826), in Declaration of Independence (July 4, 1776)
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Control Theory (sociology) asnswers the question: Why do people obey the law?
Distinguished Developer: American sociologist Francis Ivan Nye (1918 - 2014).

  1. UNLIKELY to engage in DEVIANT activity, are people, due to their strong BONDS within the society.
  2. PEOPLE are interested in satisfying their NEEDS and eschew experiencing NEGATIVE consequences.
  3. GOING against the grain, and losing vital SUPPORT and APPROVAL from those in our LIFE is scaring.
  4. REASONABLE ground for not violating laws, is informed by the deep connection we have with others.
  5. ADHERING to cultural norms and willingness to obey laws, is impacted by inner and external controls.
  6. DESIRE (conscience, values) to receive from those in our close relationships informs our inner control.
  7. EXTERNAL controls are people and institutions – police, family etc. – that will respond if you deviate.
    Timely Therapy: - Ethics of excellence comes to LIFE via values; obeying the law is the bare minimum.
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AMOROUS ASSIMILATION #2:
All actions must justify their VALUE before the judgment seat of BEYONDISM, or vanish into oblivion.
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“Men are rewarded and punished not for what they do, but rather for how their acts are defined. This is why men are more interested in better justifying themselves than in better behaving themselves.”
- Hungarian-born U.S. psychiatrist Thomas Szasz (1920 - )
“What in me is dark
Illumine, what is low raise and support;
That to the highth of this great argument
I may assert eternal providence,
And justify the ways of God to men.”
- English writer John Milton (1608 - 1674).
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Minimal Justification Principle: We justify what cannot be explained rationally.
Distinguished Developers: American social psychologists Leon Festinger (1919 – 1989) and James Merrill Carlsmith (1936 – 1984).

  1. UNDETERRED, when one does something, there is always a Minimal Justification for them doing it.
  2. PRUDENTLY, this creates more dissonance than if they can explain it through a significant rationale.
  3. GOING forward, the Cognitive Dissonance acts to make them seek to internally JUSTIFY the action.
  4. REASONABLY, it may be by saying: “I wanted to do it anyway because I like doing that sort of thing.”
  5. ASPIRING to obtain private CHANGE, instead of MERE public compliance, offer just enough reward.
  6. DECISIVELY, give people small rewards or tokens for the actions you want them to keep performing.
  7. EVEN praise is often enough; beware of big bonuses and other major rewards that get only compliance.
    Timely Therapy: - Justify your bad actions to others, but never can you convince yourself, for so long.

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AMOROUS ASSIMILATION #3:
A basic point of view can be a very dangerous luxury when substituted for deep insight and understanding.
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“I do not want to use the word ‘true.’ There are only opinions, some of which are preferable to others. One cannot say: ‘Ah, if it is just a matter of preference to hell with it.’...One can die for an opinion which is only preferable.” - Italian writer and literary scholar Umberto Eco (1932 - )
“If all mankind minus one were of one opinion, and only one person were of the contrary opinion, mankind would be no more justified in silencing that one person, than he, if he had the power, would be justified in silencing mankind.” - British philosopher and social reformer John Stuart Mill (1806 - 1873)
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Counter-Attitudinal Advocacy: Sometimes we tell white or gray lies.
Distinguished Developers: American social psychologists Leon Festinger (1919 – 1989) and James Merrill Carlsmith (1936 – 1984)

  1. USUALLY, we may state an opinion or support a point of view that is actually against our own beliefs.
  2. PUBLICLY espousing a belief which runs counter to our own belief is Counter-Attitudinal Advocacy.
  3. GAINFUL result is changing our original belief, in order for it to be in accordance with our statement.
  4. REDUCTION of dissonance ensues; failure to find external justification, leads to internal justification.
  5. AVAILED rewards are too small for one to attribute one’s change to, thus forcing internal attribution.
  6. DRIVE people to agree with you, on a small point, about something which you want to persuade them.
  7. ENSURE there is no SIGNIFICANT external justification. After a while, their beliefs will simply change.
    Timely Therapy: - Nothing is wrong in fighting a battle, but something is wrong in fighting a wrong battle.

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AMOROUS ASSIMILATION #4:
You MUST take your LIFE in your own hands, and even if a terrible thing happens you should blame no one.
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“Everyone threw the blame on me. I have noticed that they nearly always do. I suppose it is because they think I shall be able to bear it best.” - British prime minister and writer Winston Churchill (1874 - 1965)
“They invent a legend to put the blame for the existence of humanity on women and, if she wants to stop it, they talk about the wonders of civilizations and the sacred responsibilities of motherhood. They can’t have it both ways.” - British writer Dorothy M. Richardson (1873 - 1957)
“Let him who finds good praise Allah and let him who finds other than that blame no one but himself.”
- Arab religious leader and prophet Muhammad (570? - 632?)
Quoted in The Complete Forty Hadith. The Hadith, of which there are several accepted canonical collections, are the record of the precepts, life, and actions of Muhammad. Attribution is based on a clear chain of named authorities traceable back through his companions to Muhammad himself. Reported as spoken by Muhammad by Abu Dharr al-Ghifari.
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Actor-Observer Difference: We see others’ behaviour caused by disposition, ours by situation.
Distinguished Developers: Jones and Nisbett (1971)

  1. UNABATED, one explains one’s behaviour with situational causes; others’ with internal causes.
  2. PRONOUNCED more in situations where the outcomes are negative, is the Actor-Observer Bias.
  3. GIVEN a situation where one experiences something negative, one will often blame the situation.
  4. REALLY, when something negative happens to another person, we will often blame the individual.
  5. Actor-Observer Bias entails ignoring situational factors when assessing other people’s behaviour.
  6. DUE experiencing of this bias is less frequently with people one knows well; like friends or family.
  7. EXPLANATION: They are informed about the needs, motivations, and thoughts of those individuals.
    Timely Therapy: - Do not blame others for causing events without acknowledging the role you played.

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AMOROUS ASSIMILATION #5:
Infer from various sources; have a conceptual structure that makes unified sense of all disparate information.
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“‘I grant you that he’s not two-faced,’ I said. ‘But what’s the use of that when the one face he has got is so peculiarly unpleasant?’” - British novelist and scientist C. P. Snow (1905 - 1980)
“Bold knaves thrive without one grain of sense,
But good men starve for want of impudence.”
- English poet, playwright, and literary critic John Dryden (1631 - 1700)
“From a timid, shy girl I had become a woman of resolute character, who could not longer be frightened by the struggle with troubles.” - Russian diarist and writer Anna Dostoyevsky (1846 - 1918)
“He of a temper was so absolute
As that it seem’d when Nature him began,
She meant to shew all, that might be in man.”
- English poet Michael Drayton (1563 - 1631)
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Correspondent Trait Inference: We assume unusual acts are due to disposition.
Distinguished Developers: American social psychologists Edward Ellsworth “Ned” Jones (1926 – 1993) and Keith E. Davis.

  1. UNDERSTAND: A Correspondent Inference, is sometimes called a Correspondent Trait Inference.
  2. PRECISELY, it is a judgment that a person’s personality matches or corresponds to his or her behaviour.
  3. GENERALLY, we compare people’s actions with alternative actions to evaluate the choices they made.
  4. REASONABLE it is to infer that people’s personalities correspond to their behaviour and sometimes not.
  5. APPROPRIATENESS to infer that one’s personality corresponds to his or her behaviour is by two factors.
  6. DULY, if the behaviour is what is expected of most people in that situation, it is not reasonable to infer.
  7. EVENTUALLY, if it is not clear what trait the behaviour suggests, it is not reasonable to draw inference.
    Timely Therapy: - Words deployed by a coherent character, can change the very fabric of our civilisation.

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AMOROUS ASSIMILATION #6:
Most folks secretely admit that it would be nice if they had a few more exciting personal qualities than they do.
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“Anyone can be heroic from time to time, but a gentleman is something which you have to be all the time. Which isn’t easy.” - Italian dramatist, novelist, and short-story writer Luigi Pirandello (1867 - 1936)
“I say that moral judgments are prescriptive because in their typical uses they are intended to guide our conduct; to accept one is to be committed to a certain line of action or to prescribing it to somebody else.”
- British philosopher R. M. Hare (1919 - 2002)
“It’s wiser being good than bad;
It’s safer being meek than fierce;
It’s fitter being sane than mad.
My own hope is, a sun will pierce
The thickest cloud earth ever stretched;
That after Last returns the First,
Though a wide compass round be fetched;
That what began best can’t end worst,
Nor what God blessed once prove accurst.”
- British poet Robert Browning (1812 - 1889)
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Covariation Model: We look for similarities to narrow down attribution in others.
Distinguished Developer: American social psychologist Harold Kelley (1921 – 2003)

  1. UNIFORMLY, we make causal INFERENCES to explain why WE and OTHERS behave in a certain way.
  2. PRECISELY, the Covariation Principle is concerned with both SOCIAL perception and SELF-perception.
  3. GENERALLY, “an effect is attributed to the one of its possible causes with which, over time, it covaries”.
  4. REASONS can be attributed to the person (internal), the stimulus (external), the circumstance, or ALL.
  5. ACUTE Consensus is the covariation of behaviour across many people (high = stimulus, low = person).
  6. DISTINCTIVENESS refers to how unique the behaviour is to a single situation (high = circumstance).
  7. EVENTUAL Consistency is the covariation of behaviour across time (high = person, low = circumstance).
  8. Timely Therapy: - Inference is always an intentional invasion of the unknown, a lofty leap from the known.

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AMOROUS ASSIMILATION #7:--->
An adorable element of any good education is its due emphasize on knowledge analysis, description and debate.
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“If we take in our hand any volume; of divinity or school metaphysics, for instance; let us ask, Does it contain any abstract reasoning concerning quantity or number? No. Does it contain any experimental reasoning, concerning matter of fact and existence? No. Commit it then to the flames: for it can contain nothing but sophistry and illusion.” - Scottish philosopher and historian David Hume (1711 - 1776)
“The true system of the World has been recognized, developed and perfected...
Everything has been discussed and analysed, or at least mentioned.”
- French scientist, mathematician, and philosopher Jean le Rond d’ Alembert (1717 - 1783)
Referring to the Encyclopédie (1751-1780), which he helped to edit.
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Positivity Effect: We make situational attribution for those we like.
Distinguished Developers: Taylor, S.E.; Koivumaki, J.H. (1976)

  1. USUAL Positivity Effect is deeply ANALYSING a situation where the desired results are not achieved.
  2. POSITIVE feedback is still obtained upon this careful consideration that assists our future progression.
  3. GAINFUL relation is to the characteristics of people when EVALUATING the causes of their behaviours.
  4. ROBUST attribute is inferring a person’s inherent disposition as the cause of their positive behaviours.
  5. AND attributing the situations surrounding them as the potential cause of their NEGATIVE behaviours.
  6. DECISIVELY, on online social networks like x.com and Instagram, users prefer to share POSITIVE news.
  7. EMOTIONAL affection is by POSITIVE news, more than twice as much as they are by NEGATIVE news.
    Timely Therapy: - Be positive in your views; the only time you fail is when you fall down and stay down.